The CSF -Blood albumin ratios as well as neopterin have correlated positively with K-trans.Ĭonclusion: This study indicates that HAND in the context of viral suppression is associated with BBB disruption and the DCE MR derived K-trans metric is a very sensitive parameter to identify the BBB disruption. Results: The K-trans data showed significantly impaired BBB when compared to the normal controls in the region of basal ganglia and anterior frontal white matter above the ventricular level (both p<0.0001). Measurement of K-trans, a marker for capillary permeability and hence BBB integrity, was obtained from different regions of the brain and was compared to the age and sex matched controls. Materials and Methods: We used the Dynamic contrast enhanced perfusion MR metric, K-trans to measure the BBB disruption in a cohort of 20 patients with HAND who were virally suppressed in both CSF and blood compared with 16 healthy age and sex matched volunteers. To test this hypothesis, we have used dynamic contrast enhancement derived metrics (K-trans) to measure the capillary permeability as a direct indicator for BBB disruption and correlated it with neuro inflammatory markers in the cerebrospinal fluid as well as with MR spectroscopy derived metabolites and clinical indices of neurocognition (neuropsychological scores). We hypothesized that ongoing chronic systemic inflammation, a feature of HIV disease despite viral suppression, causes blood brain barrier (BBB) disruption thereby allowing entry of neurotoxic cytokines/chemokines or HIV itself. ![]() The Series 2100 is so accurate and precise, it outperforms many types of meter shop test benches when testing high-accuracy meters.Background and Purpose: Neurocognitive impairment in HIV infection, known as HIV associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND), in the context of suppressive combination antiretroviral therapy still occurs. The Series 2100 features built-in current and voltage sources and a high-accuracy, multi-function reference standard capable of providing on-site certification of revenue metering installations to less than 0.1% accuracy with extreme certainty. Introduced in 1991, the TransData Series 2100 was the industry’s first portable, self-contained automated meter test set developed for on-site revenue certification of high-accuracy, transformer-rated, multi-function energy meters typically used by utilities for inter-tie, substation, generation and large industrial applications. Precision Built-in Current (0-30 Amps) and Voltage (0-600 Volts) Sources.Superior Stability Permits Accurate Testing of Transformer and Line Loss Compensated Meters.Menu Driven Test Routines with Expanded Mode for Load Range Accuracy Certification.Supports Accuracy Testing of KWh, KVARh, KQh, Volthours, V²h, Amphours and A²h Quantities.0.025% Accuracy NIST Traceable Internal Standard for Certification of ISO Meter Installations. ![]() Used On California ISO, ERCOT (Texas ISO), New York ISO, New England ISO and PJM Grids.Windows-Based Operating System Compatible with MS Windows 98, NT and XP Versions.Fully Automated, Computer Controlled Meter Test Bench in a Portable, Self-Contained Package.TransData Series 2100 Automated Meter Test Set
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